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' Oct. 11,1927.

DOREY LUMINAIRE Filed Nov. l6, 1925 I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 lNl/E/VTUR Wi'ZZiamH.Dory

' ATTORNEY Oct. 11,1927.- ,644,915

w. A. DOREY LUMINAIRE Filed Nov. 1 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 l/V VENTOR m lzz amllporey 4 TTO RNEY Oct 11, 1927, 1,644,915 v w. A. 'DOREY LUMINAIRE Filed Nov. 1 925 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 11, 1927.

UNITED STATES IPA-TENT. ori ice.

FWILLIAM n. DOREY; or NEW RK, OHIO, ASSIGNOR'TO HOLOPHANE COMPANY, rim, or

NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION or NEW YORK. I

UMINAI E,

Application filediq'ovember 16, 1925. Serial No. 69,223.-

The object of the present invention isto make a refractor preferably of ring like form and of a single piece of glasswhich is adapted for useful unsymmetrical (llStI'lblk tion of light, both above and below the horizontal as for instance in, brilliant illu- I mination of streets which are lined with buildings. In business districtswhen a high level of illumination is used itis desirable to light the adjacent buildings to a. moderate degree. This condition is ordinarily met by using an excessive amount of. light with no redistribution of the rays from the lamps.

This results in too much light falling on the building fronts and a considerable loss in light upward and between the buildings.

Besides'giving an asymmetric downward distribution to light the surface of thestreet the band reflector describeddistributes a moderate amount of light over the adjacent and opposite building fronts whileat the same'time it suppresses the lightathigh anglesup and down the street. It is preferably; to be employedinsideof some glassware of aslightly spreading character. The prismatic design lsespecially suitable for use on post tops mounted on the curb line of the street. 4

Fig. l is a vertical cross section of a re fractor embodying my invention on line 1 -1' .F g-

Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross section on line 2+2ofFigc1; e

Fig. 3 is an elevation as it would appear on the streetside of an installation, the plane of thedrawing lying, in axis '15--15 of Fig.2;

Fig. 4 is an elevation of atypical street lantern showing the refractor in usejwitby adiifusing gl v I Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing an assumed cross section of astreet with the path of the beams from various pointslof therefractor in use as indicated;

outside of'that portion-,ofthe refractor intended to be turned toward the bulldmg prisms placed below those in Fig. 6; i

Fig. 8 is a similar cross section 0 Fig. 9 is an enlargedcross sectionrof prisms Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross section of prisms employed near theupperrim on the" Fig. .7 is a similar cross section of similarg f prisms toward the loweredge of the refractor; and

refractorfintended to be turned toward the street. i I

' In the figures. l a. light source,.the upper part. of whlch is surrounded by refractor 2 the refractor is provided with V vertical refracting prisms 3 on the side turned-toward the street and with vertical spreading flutes I 4 on the side toward the building. The outside of vtherefractor is providedwith hori zontal downward refracting prisms 5 on the as indicated in Fig. 4. The inner surfaceof 3 street side, while the building side is pro.- vided with horizontalprisms 7, 7' and 7 the two surfaces of which react with each other to reflect and refract light upward and downward atextreme angles. vTheactiou:

ofall is shown graphically bythe course of typical light rays.

' Since this side of the refractor relatively close to the buildings, it is necessaryto deviate the light very considerably on this side in order to cover the whole building front.

prisms are explained by these enlarged drawings.

Fig.

Thecourse of typical light rays is shown by dash lines. Ray (9 passing through the glass at r is reflected by the upper. surface, oftheprism to the lower surfaceand transmitted downward at 41 Rayf(s) passing through the glass at, s is reflected by the lower surface of prism 7 to the upper surface lower down On the buildin side in which" v n b prism 1 s somewhat sim larto 7 and res angles. 1

. Fig. -8 showsa portion' ofthe refr'actorat the bottom of the building side in which prism 7 is somewhat similarto-7. Typical rays m and y areiacted upon in much thesame. way as'rays u and '0', Fig. 7 except that both areemitted at somewhat lower angles. The form and operation of. inter.

6-shows a portion. of the reread-Y near the upper rim of the building side.

so and transmitted upward at {Ray (t) passing through the glasseat tistransmitted upwardly by the reflecting surface 8; Fig

, 7 shows a portion ofthe refractor somewhat.

mediate prisms and refracting surfaces changes gradually between the typlcal examples shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8 and-at the.

little volume of light is required at the hOl'i-..

zontal and this is readily obtained'from the small refracting surfaces such as 8 and 8 On the street side the ruts of the prisms are partially cutaway by horlzontalprismatic surfaces 6 of less inclination with the general surface of the glass permitting emission oflight in an upward direction.

These secondary refracting surfaces -6 are formed at the rut of the main downward refracting prisms 5 permitting the light to pass out at moderate inclinations above the horizontal to light up the building on the opposite side of the street. The course of typical light rays from prism surfaces 61s shown at 1616-16 in Fig. 1. It is evident that the emitted rays16, of greatest elevation above thehorizontah cannot be useful in lateral directions through as great an are as those of moderate inclination above the horizontal. Therefore, the lateral extent of these prism surfaces is increased as the emission angle above the horizontal is decreased. This is .indicated'in the elevation Fig. 3.

Fig. 9shows in enlarged section typicalprisms on the street side. This figure shows that the retracting prisms used on the outside of' 'this portio'n of the refractor have sharp apices and ruts. In making the mold the full 4 of the circle toward the street are cut with these prisms and then, the ruts which are projections on the iron are turned off (indicated as dotted line 18 in Fig. 9 to make the flat transmitting por tions (Sfofthe' central portions of Fig.3 and street sideofFig. 1. I

The interior prisms 8'areshown in Fig. 2

which is a horizontal cross section in a plane 2-2 'throughthe light sourceFigsl and 3;

Prisms "3 arefof "gradually increasing angularity from point lOon the transverse axis to point'll -on-one side and point 12 on the other side so that the rays ofilight striking theseprisms are deviated laterally toward the transverse axis 13-13. The vertical scattering flutes 4' are designed to scatter the light in lateral directions away from the point 1 1 yen the transverse axis 13--13.'

The distribution is indicated graphically by the-course of typical light rays and the action in this cross section is typical of that in any horizontal cross section of the refractor. f

Referring to details of this construction the interior 'refra'ctin g prisms 3 are continuous and may be said to be formed as a, conical concave or substantially cylindrical concave surface broken up into prisms and functioning with the outer surface as a meniscus lens to concentrate the light in lateraldirection. I prefer-to use a gradually increasing angularity from the axis outwardsso as to obtain a gradual increase; in deviation but in some cases the construction can be simplified without undue inaccuracy by using prisms of the same angularity for four or five spaces and then a bank of prisms of somewhat greater angularity and continuing this approximation of the theoretical construct-ion through the latera extent of the meniscus.

In Fig. 3the.plane of the drawing lies in axis 15-15, Fig. 2. The downward refracting-surfaces 5 are complete in this plane and function to refractthe light downward as shown.

In the type embodied in the drawing, the walls of the refractor have been run up much higher with reference to the position of .the light source than is usual in constructions of this class. In fact, it reaches the actual height limit at which any light would; be refracted down .to the angle required for lighting the street surface itself. This means that in planes up and down the street, some of the light striking the upper prisms will be reflected back into the refractor and some will be reflected and relight striking the upper prisms can be directed very effectively tolight thebuilding fronts.

In Fig. t the refractor shown in use with an enclosing globe 17 with a cover 18. It is placed high therein sothat the top edge is practically one. line with the lower'edge'of the globe cover. If then (as shown) the globe is made translucent the portion of the light passing out through the top. of there fractor will tend to light it up;

In Fig. 5 is shown a diagrammatic view of a cross section of a typical street in which the path of light rays from the sourceand .refractor is indicated. The section is assumed for a street 100feet between buildings of 100 feet in height. The refractors being placed on poles. 20 feet high-and 17 feet from the building line. P shows thegeneral direction of light from surface 6 in Figs. 1 to 3 and the other beams being similarly indicatedby the letter P'with the index designatmg portions of the refractor' inFigs. 1' to 3;

The band form of refra'ctor shown is especially suited to meet the distribution characteristics desirable in downtown business districts. It is also very desirable for use with extremely high candle power lamps on account of the free circulation of airlsecured throughthe large top and bottom openings. Itis therefore, possible with this refractor to obtain a very high level of illumination nearthe bottom of the ring and the refracv tor being placed high in the envelope, the refractor having on one side means for distributing and transmitting an extreme upward light component and on the other means for distributing. and transmitting a moderate upward light component adapted toproduce an asymmetriclight distribution.

2. A luminaire comprising a light source, a ring-like refractor, and an outer transmit- I ting envelope, the source being placed near the bottom of the ring and the refractor being placed high in the envelope the refractor having on one side means for distribe uting and transmitting an extreme upward light component and onthe other means for distributing and transmitting a combined 1 upward light component of different, angularit-y. I

3. A refractor for asymmetric distribu- I tions having on its interior surface two opposite groups. of longitudinal ribb ngs the m dividual ribbings of both groups being placed symmetrically with reference to a vertical plane through the light source, one of such groups being composed of diffusing members, the second of such groups being a prismatic development of a substantially conical condensing meniscus =lens surface, and having on its outer surface annular transverse downwardly refracting prisms which are displaced by outwardly reflecting and refracting prisms in that portion cover ing the interior diffusing group of ribbings and partially displaced by upwardly refracting surfaces through a definite area covering the central portion of the meniscus lens group of interior prisms.

4. A one piece refractor for asymmetric distributions in street lighting havingonits interior surface two opposite groups of Iongitudinalribbingsthe individual ribbings of v I both groups being placed symmetrically with reference to a vertical plane through the light source, one of such groupsbein composed of laterally diverging and di using members the second of such groups being a prismatic development of a substantially conlcal condensing meniscus lens surface, and having on 1ts outer surface annular transverse downwardly refracting prisms which are displaced by outwardly reflecting and refracting prisms in that portion covering the interior diffusing group of ribbings and partially displaced by upwardly refracting surfaces through a definite area covering the central 5 portion of the meniscus lens group of interior risms.

Signed at New ork, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 11th day of November, 1925. f WILLIAM A. DOREY. 

